Which term describes zones next to and at end of runways designed to reduce damage?

• A. Frangibility areas
• B. Standards for airfield markings
• C. Approach and departure clearance surfaces
• D. Clear zones next to and at end of runways

Answer: (C)

Approach and departure clearance surfaces are the obstacle-free zones defined along the runway approach paths and extending past the ends. They create guaranteed space above which objects must not intrude, ensuring a clear path for the aircraft during final approach and the initial climb. Keeping these surfaces clear reduces the likelihood of a strike with obstacles that could cause damage during these critical phases. The other terms describe different concepts—frangibility relates to structures designed to yield under impact, markings standards cover visual cues, and a general “clear zone” concept is a broader term not specifically tied to the defined approach/departure path surfaces.