Which statement best describes data sources used in mishap investigations beyond FDR/CVR and maintenance logs?

• A. Weather data is always unavailable
• B. A mix of data sources may be used, such as weather data, ATC records, and video data
• C. Only digital data are used
• D. They are not used

Answer: (B)

In mishap investigations, building an accurate picture relies on a variety of data sources beyond FDR/CVR and maintenance logs. Weather data provides the environmental context that can affect performance and outcomes. ATC records offer timing, routing, and sequencing information that helps place the aircraft’s actions in space and time. Video data, whether from onboard or ground surveillance, can visually confirm aircraft behavior, external factors, or procedures that others records might not fully capture. Using a mix of these sources allows investigators to corroborate facts, fill gaps, and resolve discrepancies, leading to a more complete reconstruction of what happened.

The other options don’t fit because weather data is not always unavailable, digital data is not the only type used (non-digital records like transcripts or logs are also important), and these data sources are indeed used in investigations.