If the lead investigator is unavailable on-site, who may serve as the IIC?

• A. An authorized designee from the NTSB.
• B. The airline's chief executive.
• C. A random witness.
• D. An outside journalist.

Answer: (A)

When the lead investigator isn’t available on site, someone with the authority to direct the investigation and maintain its independence on the ground is needed. An authorized designee from the NTSB can be designated to serve as the Investigation In-Charge, ensuring continuity, proper on-site direction, and adherence to investigative procedures. This person is an NTSB official equipped to manage the scene, coordinate evidence collection, and liaise with stakeholders, preserving the integrity of the investigation.

The other options don’t fit because they lack the necessary neutrality and authority. An airline chief executive may have a vested interest in the outcome, which could bias the investigation. A random witness has no authority to command on-site actions, and an outside journalist has neither the authority nor the role to direct or oversee the investigation.